References for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Below are supplemental abstracts and references of research that support the conclusions on the treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Food Allergies

Borok G. "Eczema and foods." SAMJ. February 2003;93(2):118-119.

Simren M, et al. "Food-related gastrointestinal symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome." Digestion. 2001;63:108-115.

Locke GR, et al. "Risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: role of analgesics and food sensitivities." Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:157-165.

Niec AM, et al. "Are adverse food reactions linked to irritable bowel syndrome?" Am J Gastroenterol. November,1998;93(11):2184-2190.

Addolorato G, et al. "Anxiety and depression: a common feature of health care seeking patients with irritable bowel syndrome and food allergy." Hepatogastroenterol. 1998;45:1559-1564.

Vesa TH, et al. "Role of irritable bowel syndrome in subjective lactose intolerance." Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:710-715.

Bischoff SC, et al. "Food allergy in patients with gastrointestinal disease." Highlights Food Aller. 1996;32:130-142.

Borok G, et al. "Atopy: The incidence in chronic recurrent aaladies." XVI Europ Cong Allergol Clin Immunol. June 24-25,1995.

Smith MA, et al. "Food intolerance, atopy and irritable bowel syndrome." Lancet. November9,1985:1064.

Petitpierre M, et al. "Irritable bowel syndrome and hypersensitivity to food." Ann Allergy. June,1985;54:538-540.

Bentley SJ, et al. "Food hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome." Lancet. August6,1983:295-297.

Birtwistle S. "Food intolerance and the irritable bowel." Lancet. September10,1983:634.

Jones VA, et al. "Food intolerance and the irritable bowel." Lancet. September10,1983:633-634.

Jones VA, et al. "Food intolerance: a major factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome." Lancet. November20,1982:1115-1117.

Jewell DP, Truelove SC. "Circulating antibodies to cow's milk proteins in ulcerative colitis." Gut. 1972;13:796-801.

Sugar

Moukarzel AA, et al. "Irritable bowel syndrome and nonspecific diarrhea in infancy and childhood - relationship with juice carbohydrate malabsorption." Clin Pediatr. April,2002;41:145-150.

Miki K, et al. "The sugar permeability test reflects disease activity in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease." J Pediatr. December,1998;133(6):750-754.

Russo A, et al. "The effect of acute hyperglycemia on small intestinal motility in normal subjects." Diabetologia. 1996(39):984-89.

Jarnerot G, et al. "Consumption of refined sugar by patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or irritable bowel syndrome." Scand J Gastroenterol. 1983;18:999-1002.

Refined Foods

Grimes DS, et al. "Refined carbohydrate, smooth muscle spasm and disease of the colon." Lancet. February21,1976(1):395-397.

Fiber

Parisi GC, et al. "High-fiber diet supplementation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a multicenter, randomized, open trial comparison between wheat bran diet and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (phgg)." Dig Dis Sci. August 2002;47(8):1697-1704.

Cann P, et al. "What is the benefit of coarse wheat bran in patients with irritable syndrome?" Gut. 1984(25):168-73.

Elemental Diet

Pimentel M, et al. "A 14-day elemental diet is highly effective in normalizing the lactulose breath test." Dig Dis Sci. January,2004;49(1):73-77.

King TS, et al. "Abnormal colonic fermentation in irritable bowel syndrome." Lancet. October10,1998;352:1187-1189.

Teahon, et al. "10 years experience with an elemental diet in the management of Crohn's disease." Gut. 1990:1133-37.

Vitamin and Mineral References

Vitamin A

Wright JP, et al. "Vitamin A therapy in patients with Crohn's disease." Gastroenterol. 1985;88:512.

Vitamin C, Vitamin E

Reif S, et al. "Pre-illness dietary factors in inflammatory bowel disease." Gut. 1997;40:754-760.

Marz RB. Medical Nutrition from Marz, 2 ed. Omni Press; Portland, OR; 1997:380.

Folate

Steger G, et al. "Folate absorption in Crohn's disease." Digestion. 1994;55:234-238.

Zinc

Matsui T. "Zinc deficiency in Crohn's disease." J Gastroenterol. 1998;33:924-925.

Goode HF. "Inflammatory bowel disease, free radicals and zinc." J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1994;9:519-520.

McClain CJ, et al. "Zinc-deficiency-induced retinal dysfunction in Crohn's disease," Dig Dis Sci. January,1983;28(1):85-87.

Calcium

Valentine JF, Sninsky CA, "Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease." Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94(4):878-883.

Steinbach G, et al. "Effect of calcium supplementation on rectal epithelial hyperproliferation in intestinal bypass subjects." Gastroenterol. 1994;106:1162-1167.

Magnesium

Galland L. "Magnesium and IBD." Magnesium. 1988;7:78-83.

Supplement References

Quercetin

Stephanini et al., "Efficacy of oral disodium cromoglycate in patients with IBS and positive skin tests to foods." Lancet. 1986;1:207-8.

EFA

Marz RB. Medical Nutrition from Marz, 2 ed. Omni-Press; Portland, OR; 1997:379-380.

Hydrochloric Acid

Marz RB. Medical Nutrition from Marz, 2 ed. Omni-Press; Portland, OR; 1997:381.

Fructooligosaccharides

Olesen M, Gudmand-Hoyer E. "Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fructooligosaccharides in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome." Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:1570-1575.

Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Fedorak RN, Madsen KL. "Probiotics and prebiotics in gastrointestinal disorders." Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2004;20:146-155.

Ouwehand AC, et al. "Probiotics: an overview of beneficial effects." Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002;82:279-289.

Niedzielin K, et al. "A controlled, double-blind, randomized study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 299V in patients with irritable bowel syndrome." Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;13:1143-1147.

Marteau PR. "Probiotics in clinical conditions." Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2002;22:255-273.

Marteau PR, et al. "Protection from gastrointestinal diseases with the use of probiotics." J. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73(Suppl.):430S-436S.

O'Sullivan MA, O'Morain CA. "Bacterial supplementation in the irritable bowel syndrome. a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study." Digest Liver Dis. 2000;32:294-301.

Halpern GM, et al. "Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with lacteol fort: A randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial." Am J Gastroenterol. 1996:91(8):1579-1585.

Fiber

Bennett WG, Cerda JJ. "Benefits of dietary fiber myth or medicine?" Postgraduate Med. 1996;February,99(2):153-172.

Botanical References

Althea

Lawrence Review of Natural Products: Althea officinalis. December,1991.

Delaveau I, et al. Planta Medica. 1980;40:49.

Geranium

Ellingwood F. American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy, Vol II. Eclectic Medical Publications; Sandy, OR;1993:347-8.

Echinacea

Balch JF, et al. Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 2nd ed. Avery Publication; NY, NY; 1997:148.

Lawrence Review of Natural Products: Echinacea. January 1990.

Stimpel, et al. "Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea." Inf Immunol. December,1984; 845-849.

Ulmus

Mabey R, Ed. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Co, NY, NT;1988:117.

Curcuma longa

Ammon, Wahl. "Pharmacology of Curcuma longa." Planta Medica. 1991;57:1-7.

Rafatullah S, et al. "Evaluation of tumeric (Curcuma longa) for gastric and duodenal antiulcer activity in rats." J Ethnopharmacol. 1990;29:25-34.

Satoskar, et al. "Evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of Curcumin in patients with postoperative inflammation." Intr J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1986;12:65,1-2.

Chadra, Gupta. "Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of volatile oil of Curcuma longa." Ind J Med Res. 1972;60:138-142.

Hydrastis

Felter HW. The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol.I. Eclectic Medical Publications; Sandy, OR;1993:417-21.

Mentha piperita (Peppermint)

Pittler MH, Ernst E. "Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and metaanalysis." Am J Gastroenterol. July,1998;93(7):1131-1135.

Liu J-H, et al. "Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial." J Gastroenterol. 1997;32:765-768.

Beesley A, et al. "Influence of peppermint oil on absorptive and secretory processes in rat small intestine." Gut. 1996;39:214-219.

Hills JM, Aaronson PI. "The mechanism of action of peppermint oil on gastrointestinal smooth muscle: an analysis using patch clamp electrophysiology and isolated tissue pharmacology in rabbit and guinea pig." Gastroenterol. July,1991;101(1):55-65.

Rogers J, et al. "Peppermint oil" Lancet. June9,1988:98-99.

Dew MJ, et al. "Peppermint oil for the irritable bowel syndrome: a multicentre trial." Br J Clin Pract. November/December,1984:394. 398.

Rees WDW, et al. "Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil." Br Med J. October6,1979:835-836.

Althea officinalis, Geranium maculatum, Echinacea spp, Ulmus ruba, Curcuma longa, Hydrastis canadensis

Mitchell WA. Plant Medicine. Preparatory Manuscript; Seattle, WA; 2000.

Tilgner S. Herbal Medicine-From the Heart of the Earth. Wise Acres Press, Inc.; Creswell, OR; 1999.

Ogletree RL, Rischer RG. Physician's and Pharmacist's Guide to the Top 10 Scientifically Proven Natural Products. Natural Source Digest; 2nd Ed. Brandon, MS; 1997.

Chevallier A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. DK Publishing; New York, NY; 1996.

Murray MT. The Healing Power of Herbs. 2nd Ed. Prima Publishing; Rocklin, CA; 1995.

Ellingwood F. American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy; Botanical Vol. II. Eclectic Medical Publications; Sandy, OR; 1994.

Felter HW. The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Botanical Vol. 1. Eclectic Medical Publications; Sandy, OR; 1994.

Scalzo R. Naturopathic Handbook of Herbal Formulas. 3rd Ed. Kivaki Press; Durango, CO; 1994.

Ody P. The Complete Medicinal Herbal. Dorling Kindersley; New York, NY; 1993.

Stansbury JE. Botanical Medicines Acting on the Respiratory System. Preparatory Manuscript; Battleground, WA; 1992.

Stansbury JE. Pharmacognosy for the Herbal Practitioner. Preparatory Manuscript; Battleground, WA; 1992.

Thomas L. 10 Essential Herbs. Hohm Press; Prescott, AZ; 1992.

Weiss RF. Herbal Medicine. Beaconsfield Publishers LTD; Beaconsfield, England; 1991.

Hoffman D. The New Holistic Herbal. Element Inc; Rockport, MA; 1991.

Mabey R, et al. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Company; New York, NY; 1988. England;1988.

Tyler VE, et al. Pharmacognosy. 9th Ed. Lea & Febiger; Philadelphia, PA; 1988.

Wren RC. Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. The C.W. Daniel Company Limited; Essex; 1988

Carr A, et al. Rodale's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Herbs. Rodale Press; Emmaus, PA; 1987.

Mowrey DB. The Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine. Keats Publishing, Inc.; New Canaan, CT; 1986.

Beyer P. The Master Book of Herbalism. Phoenix Publishing; Custer, WA; 1984.

Goodenough J. Dr. Goodenough's Home Cures & Herbal Remedies. Avenel Books; New York, NY; 1982.

Millspaugh CF. American Medicinal Plants. Dover Publications, Inc.; New York, NY; 1974.

Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Vol. I & II; Dover Publications, Inc.; New York, NY; 1971.

Homeopathy References

Morrison R.Desktop Guide to Keynotes and Confirmatory Symptoms.Hahnemann Clinic Publishing; Albany, CA; 1993.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.

Morrison R.Desktop Guide to Keynotes and Confirmatory Symptoms.Hahnemann Clinic Publishing; Albany, CA; 1993.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.

Other Treatment References

Lactobacillus Acidophilus Enema

Walker WA, Duffy LC, "Diet and bacterial colonization: role of probiotics and prebiotics." J Nutr Biochem. December,1998;9(12):668-675.

Bennet, et al., "Treatment of UC by implantation of normal colonic flora." Lancet. 1989;Jan 21.

Relaxation

Blanchard EB, et al. "Relaxation training as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome." Biofeedback Self-Regulation. 1993;18(3):125-131.

Stress

Dancey CP, et al. "The relationship between daily stress and symptoms of irritable bowel: a time-series approach." J Psychosom Res. 1998;44(5):537-545.

Whorwell PJ, et al. "Physiologic effects of emotion: assessment via hypothesis." Lancet. July11,1992;340:69-72.

Shaw G, et al. "Stress management for irritable bowel syndrome: a controlled trial." Digestion. 1991;50:36-42.

Hypnotherapy

Houghton LA, et al. "Symptomatology, quality of life and economic features of irritable bowel syndrome - the effect of hypnotherapy." Aliment Pharmacol Ther. February,1996;10(1):91-95.

Smoking

Bustamante M, et al. "Relationship between smoking and colonic involvement in inflammatory bowel disease." Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 1998;90(12):837-840.