References for Obesity - Natural Medical Protocols

Below are supplemental abstracts and references of research that support the conclusions on the treatment for Obesity

Food Allergy

Randolph TG. "Masked food allergy as a factor in the development and persistence of obesity." J Lab Clin Med. 1947;32:1547.

Refined Carbohydrates and Alcohol

Ebbeling CB, et al. "Compensation for energy intake from fast food among overweight and lean adolescents." JAMA. June16,2004;291(23):2828-2833.

Brownell KD. "Fast food and obesity in children." Pediatrics. 2004;113:132.

Swinburn BA, et al. "Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess weight gain and obesity." Public Health Nutr. 2004;7(1A):123-146.

"Report: eating fast food puts children at risk for obesity." Nutrition Week. January19,2004;34(2):6.

Koh-Banerjee P, et al. "Prospective study of the association of changes in dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking with 9-Y gain in waist circumference among 16,587 us men." Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:719-727.

Nicklas TA, et al. "Eating patterns and obesity in children: The Bogalusa Heart Study." Am J Prev Med. 2003;25(1):9-16.

Utter H, et al. "Couch potatoes or french fries: are sedentary behaviors associated with body mass index, physical activity, and dietary behaviors among adolescents?" J Am Diet Assoc. October,2003;103(10):1298-1305.

Layman DK, et al. "A reduced ratio of dietary carbohydrate to protein improves body composition and blood lipid profiles during weight loss in adult women." J Nutr. 2003;133:411-417.

McCarter DF, et al. "Low-carbohydrate diet effective for adults." J Clin Endocrin Metab. 2003;88:1617-1673.

"Do low-carbohydrate diets work?" Emergency Med. December,2003:19-21.

Field AE, et al. "Association between fruit and vegetable intake and change in body mass index among a large sample of children and adolescents in the united states." Int J Obesity. 2003;27:821-826.

Lahti-Koski M, et al. "Associations of body mass index and obesity with physical activity, food choices, alcohol intake, and smoking in the 1982-1997 Finrisk studies." Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:809-817.

Ludwig DS, et al. "Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis." Lancet. February17,2001;357:505-508.

Epstein LH, et al. "Increasing fruit and vegetable intake and decreasing fat and sugar intake in families at risk for childhood obesity." Obes Res. March,2001;9(3):171-178.

Baba NH, et al. "High protein vs high carbohydrate hypoenergetic diet for the treatment of obese hyperinsulinemic subjects." Int J Obesity. 1999;23:1202-1206.

Macdiarmid JI, et al. "The sugar-fat relationship revisited: differences in consumption between men and women of varying BMI." Intl J Obes. 1998;22:1053-1061.

Wurtman RJ, Wurtman JJ. "Brain serotonin, carbohydrate-craving, obesity and depression." Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;398:35-41.2

Fiber

Liu S, et al. "Relation between changes in intakes of dietary fiber and grain products and changes in weight and development of obesity among middle-aged women." Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:920-927.

Pereira MA, et al. "Effect of whole grains on insulin sensitivity in overweight hyperinsulinemic adults." Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:848-855.

Anderson JW, et al. "Whole grain foods and heart disease risk." J Am Coll Nutr. 2000;19(3):291S-299S.

Weisburger JH. "Eat to live, not live to eat." Nutrition. 2000;16(9):767-773.

Ludwig DS, et al. "Dietary fiber, weight gain and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults." JAMA. October27,1999;282(16):1539-1546.

Rigaud D, et al. "Overweight treated with energy restriction and a dietary fibre supplement: A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." Int J Obes. 1990;14:763-9.

Aspartame

"Aspartame and dieting." Intl J Obes. January,1997;21(1):37-42.

"Intense sweeteners do not decrease appetite." Obesity 91 Update. May/June,1991;4.

Vitamin and Mineral References

Antioxidants

McAlindon TE. "Can diet affect the risk and progression of osteoarthritis? Studies of obesity, folate, and vitamins C, E, and D." Women's Health in Primary Care. October,2000;3(10):741-747.

Lavine JE. "Relative antioxidant deficiency in obese children: a weighty contributor to morbidity?" J Pediatr. 1999;134:132-133.

Strauss RS. "Comparison of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in a cross-sectional sample of obese and nonobese children (NHANES III)." J Pediatr. February,1999;134(2):160-165.

Naylor GJ, et al. "A double blind placebo conrolled trial of ascorbic acid in obesity." Nutr Health. 1985;4:25-8.

Naylor GJ, et al. "A double blind placebo conrolled trial of ascorbic acid in obesity." IRCS Med Sci. 1982;10:25-8.

Calcium

Hamoui N, et al. "Calcium metabolism in the morbidly obese." Obes Surg. 2004;14:9-12.

Cifuentes M, et al. "Weight loss and calcium intake influence calcium absorption in overweight postmenopausal women." Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:123-130.

Zemel MB. "Role of calcium and dairy products in energy partitioning and weight management." Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(Suppl):907S-912S.

Skinner JD, et al. "Longitudinal calcium intake is negatively related to children's body fat indexes." J Am Diet Assoc. December,2003;103(12):1626-1631.

"Calcium wards off weight in girls." Nutrition Week. April21,2003;33(8):6-7.

Supplement References

Carnitine

Carroll MC, Cote E. "Carnitine: a review." Compendium. January 2001;23(1):45-51.

Schaffhauser AO, Gaynor PT. "L-carnitine supplementation-a natural approach for weight management." Ann Nutr Metab. 2000;44:94-95.

Braverman ER. The Healing Nutrients Within, 2 ed. Keats Publishing Inc. New Canaan CT; 1997:368.

Tyrosine

Marz RB. Medical Nutrition from Marz, 2 ed. Omni Press; Portland, OR; 1997:400.

CoEnzyme Q10

van Gaal L, et al. Exploratory study of coenzyme Q10 in obesity. Biomed & Clin Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Vol 4. Amsterdam, Elsevier Sci Publishers; 1984; 369-73.

Fiber

Spiller GA. Dietary fiber in health and nutrition. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL; 1994.

Rigaud D, et al. "Overweight treated with energy restriction and a dietary fibre supplement: A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." Int J Obes. 1990;14:763-9.

Omega 6 Fatty Acids

Gaullier J-M, et al. "Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 Y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans." Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:1118-1125.

Jancin B. "'Functional oil' diet helps reduce fat, maintain lipids." Fam Pract News. May1,2003:4.

Mendez-Sanchez N, et al. "Fish oil (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids beneficially affect biliary cholesterol nucleation time in obese women losing weight." J Nutr. 2001;131:2300-2303.

Whigham LD, et al. "Conjugated linoleic acid: implications for human health." Pharmacol Res. 2000;42(6):503-510.

Amery CM, Nattrass M. "Fatty acids and insulin secretion." Diabetes Obes Metab. 2000;2:213-221.

Pariza MW, et al. "Conjugated linoleic acid and the control of cancer and obesity." Toxicol Sci. 1999;52(Suppl.):107-110.

Garcia CM, et al. "Gamma linolenic acid causes weight loss and lower blood pressure in overweight patients with family history of obesity." Swed J Biol Med. 1986;4:8-11.

Haslet C, et al. "A double-blind evaluation of evening primrose oil as an anti-obesity agent." Int J Obesity. 1983;7:549.

Tryptophan

Cangiano C, et al. "Eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan." J Am Col Nutr. 1992;56:863-867.

Botanical References

Taraxacum

Racz-Kotilla, Solomon. "The action of Taraxacum officinale extracts on the body weight and diuresis of laboratory animals." Planta Med. 1974,26(3);212-117.

Zea

Grases M, et al. "The influence of Zea mays on urinary risk factors for kidney stones in rats." Phytother Res. 1993;7:146-149.

Petroselinum, Stellaria

Mabey R, Ed. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Co, NY, NT;1988:40.

Homeopathy References

Morrison R.Desktop Guide to Keynotes and Confirmatory Symptoms.Hahnemann Clinic Publishing; Albany, CA; 1993.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.

Other Treatment References

Exercise

Splete H. "Heavy exercise trims obesity, disease risk." Fam Pract News. June1,2004:53.

Slentz CA, et al. "Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity: STRRIDE - a randomized controlled study." Arch Intern Med. January12,2004;164:31-39.

Patrick K, et al. "Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors as risk factors for overweight in adolescence." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. April,2004;158:385-390.

DeLany JP, et al. "Energy expenditure in African American and white boys and girls in a 2-Y follow-up of The Baton Rouge Children's Study." Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:268-273.

Jakicic JM, et al. "Effect of exercise duration and intensity on weight loss in overweight, sedentary women: a randomized trial." JAMA. September10,2003;290(10):1323-1330.

Schmitz KH, et al. "Strength training for obesity prevention in midlife women." Int J Obesity. 2003;27:326-333.

Jeffery RW, et al. "Physical activity and weight loss: does prescribing higher physical activity goals improve outcome?" Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:684-689.

Nieman DC, et al. "Reducing diet and/or exercise training decreases the lipid and lipoprotein risk factors of moderately obese women." J Am Coll Nutr. 2002;21(4):344-350.

Nutrition Week. "Obesity, physical activity increase, latest survey finds." February18.,2002;32(4):8.

Kyle UG, et al. "Physical activity and fat-free and fat mass by bioelectrical impedance in 3853 adults." Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(4):576-584.

Shahady EJ. "Exercise as medication: how to motivate your patients." Consultant. November,2000:2174-2178.

Fogelholm M, et al. "Effects of walking training on weight maintenance after a very-low-energy diet in premenopausal obese women: a randomized controlled trial." Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2177-2184.

Ryan AS, et al. "Dietary restriction and walking reduce fat deposition in the midthigh in obese older women." Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:708-713.

Wei M, et al. "Relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in normal-weight, overweight, and obese men." JAMA. October27,1999;282(16):1547-1553.

Jakicic JM, et al. "Effects of intermittent exercise and use of home exercise equipment on adherence, weight loss, and fitness in overweight women: a randomized trial." JAMA. October27,1999;282(16):1554-1560.

Hardman AE. "Physical activity, obesity and blood lipids." Int J Obesity. 1999;23(Suppl. 3):S64-S71.

Ebbeling CB, Rodriguez NR. "Effects of exercise combined with diet therapy on protein utilization in obese children." Med Sci Sports Exer. 1999;31(3):378-385.

Andersen RE, et al. "Effects of lifestyle activity vs structured aerobic exercise in obese women: a randomized trial." JAMA. January27,1999;281(4):335-340.

Weinstock RS, et al. "Diet and exercise in the treatment of obesity: effects of 3 interventions on insulin resistance." Arch Int Med. December7/21,1998;158:2477-2483.

Rippe JM, Hess S. "The role of physical activity in the prevention and management of obesity." J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98(Suppl.2):S31-S38.

Mo-suwan L, et al. "Effects of a controlled trial of a school-based exercise program on the obesity indexes of preschool children." Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68:1006-1011.

Bilyeau N. "The walking prescription." Hippocrates. June,1998;12(6):63-65.

Johnson WG, et al. "Dietary and exercise interventions for juvenile obesity: long-term effect of behavioral and public health models." Obes Res. May,1997;5(3):257-261.

Parr RB. "Exercising when you're overweight: getting in shape and shedding pounds." Physician Sportsmed. October,1996;24(10):81-82.

Television

Dennison BA, et al. "Television viewing and television in bedroom associated with overweight risk among low-income preschool children." Pediatrics. June,2002;109(6):1028-1035.

Nutrition Week. "TV watching and obesity." October22,2001;31(40):7.

Fung TT, et al. "Leisure-time physical activity, television watching, and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk." Am J Epidemiol. 2000;152(12):1171-1178.

Robinson TN. "Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial." JAMA. October27,1999;282(16):1561-1567.