Food Allergies

Hafstrom I, et al. "A vegan diet free of gluten improves the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: the effects on arthritis correlate with a reduction in antibodies to food antigens." Rheumatol. 2001;40:1175-1179.

Nenonen MT. "Rheumatoid arthritis, fasting, diet and bacteria: myths and enthusiasm." Clin Rheumatol. 1998;17:269-270.

Gamlin L, Brostoff J. "Food sensitivity and rheumatoid arthritis." Env Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997;4:43-49.

van de Laar MAFJ, Ander Korst JK. "Food intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis, in a double blind, controlled trial of the clinical effects of elimination of milk allergens and azo dyes." Ann Rheum Dis. 1992;51:298-302.

Darlington LG, et al. "Placebo-controlled, blind study of dietary manipulation therapy in rheumatoid arthritis." Lancet. 1986:1:236-8.

Low Fat Diet

Adam O, et al. "Anti-inflammatory effects of a low arachidonic acid diet and fish oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Rheumatol Int. 2003;23:27-36.

Jacobsson I, et al. "Correlation of fatty acid composition of adipose tissue lipids and serum phosophatidylcholine and serum concentrations of micronutrients with disease duration in rheumatoid arthritis." Ann Rheum Dis. 1990;49:901-5.

Lucas C, Power L. "Dietary fat aggravates active rheumatoid arthritis." Clin Res. 1981;29(4):754A.

Vegetarian Diet

Hafstrom I, et al. "A vegan diet free of gluten improves the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: the effects on arthritis correlate with a reduction in antibodies to food antigens." Rheumatol. 2001;40:1175-1179.

Sarzi-Puttini P, et al. "Dietary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled double-blind study of two different dietary regimens." Scand J Rheumatol. 2000;29:302-307.

Linos A, et al. "Dietary factors in relation to rheumatoid arthritis: a role for olive oil and cooked vegetables?" Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:1077-1082.

Kjeldsen-Kragh J. "Rheumatoid arthritis treated with vegetarian diets." Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(Suppl.):594S-600S.

Kjeldsen-Kragh J. "Dietary treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Scand J Rheumatol. 1996;63.

Ginger

Srivastava KC, Mustafa T. "Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in rheumatism and musculoskeletal disorders." Med Hypo. 1992;39:342-8.

Srivastava KC, Mustafa T. "Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and rheumatic disorders." Med Hypo. 1989;29:25-8.

Food Additives

Buchanan HM, et al. "Is diet important in rheumatoid arthritis?" Br J Rheumatol. 1991;30:125-34.

Solanacea Family

Childers NF, Russo GM. The Nightshades and Health. Horticultural Publications; Somerset Press Inc; Somerville, NJ.

Niacinamide

McCarty MF, et al. "Niacinamide therapy for osteoarthritis - does it inhibit nitric oxide synthase induction by interleukin-1 in chondrocytes?" J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53:315-322.

Hoffer A. "Treatment of arthritis by nicotinic acid and nicotinamide." Can Med Assoc J. 1959;81:235-9.

Vitamin B5

Barton-Wright EC, Elliot WA. "The pantothenic acid metabolism of rheumatoid arthritis." Lancet. 1963;2:862-3.

Antioxidants

Darlington LG, Stone TW. "Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders." Br J Nutr. 2001;85:251-269.

Thabrew MI, et al. "Antioxidant potential of two polyherbal preparations used in ayurveda for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;76:285-291.

Mangge H, et al. "Diet and rheumatoid arthritis - a review." Scand J Rheumatol. 1999;28:201-209.

Kiziltunc A, et al. "Carnitine and antioxidants levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Scand J Rheumatol. 1998;27:441-445.

Morgan SL, et al. "Nutrient intake patterns, body mass index, and vitamin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Arth Care Res. February,1997;10(1):9-17.

Nalini G, et al. "The antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis." J Clin Biochem Nutr. 1997;23:69-75.

Singh RB, et al. "Dietary intake and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in health and disease: a hospital-based case-control study." J Nutr Environ Med. 1995;5:235-242.

Vitamin C

Davis RH, et al. "Vitamin C influence on localized adjuvant arthritis." J Am Podiatric Med Assoc. August,1990;80(8):414-418.

Vitamin E

Machtey I. "Vitamin E and arthritis/vitamin E and rheumatoid arthritis." Arth Rheum. September,1991;34(9):1205.

Juhlin L, et al. "Blood glutathione-peroxidase levels in skin diseases: effect of selenium and vitamin E treatment." Acta Derm Venereol. 1982;62(3):211-214.

Vitamin K

Chayen J, et al. "The effect of experimentally induced redox changes on human rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid synovial tissue in vitro." Beitr Path Bd. 1973;149:127.

Selenium

Peretz A, et al. "Selenium supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis investigated in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial." Scand J Rheumatol. 2001;30(4):208-212.

Knekt P, et al. "Serum selenium, serum alpha-tocopherol, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis." Epidemiol. July,2000;11(4):402-405.

Kose K, et al. "Plasma selenium levels inrheumatoid arthritis." Biol Trace Elem Res. 1996;53:51-56.

O'Dell JR, et al. "Serum selenium concentrations in rheumatoid aArthritis." Ann Rheum Dis. 1991;50:376-378.

Zinc

Cerhan JR, et al. "Antioxidant micronutrients and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a cohort of older women." Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(4):345-354.

Naveh Y, et al. "Zinc metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: plasma and urinary zinc and relationship to disease activity." J Rheumatol. 1997;24(4):643-646.

Svenson KLG, et al. "Reduced zinc in peripheral blood cells from patients with inflammatory connective tissue diseases." Inflammation. 1985;9(2):189-199.

Copper

Rosenstein ED, Caldwell JR. "Trace elements in the treatment of rheumatic conditions." Complementary Altern Ther Rheum Dis. November,1999;25(4):929-935.

Disilvestro RA, et al. "Effects of copper supplementation on ceruloplasmin and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in free-living rheumatoid arthritic patients." J Am Col Nutr. 1992;11(2):177-180.

Rosenstein ED, Caldwell JR. "Trace elements in the treatment of rheumatic conditions." Complementary Altern Ther Rheum Dis. November,1999;25(4):929-935.

Quercetin and Bromelain

Cody V, et al. Plant flavonoids in biology and medicine-biochemical, pharmacological, and structure-activity relationships. New York: Alan R Liss; 1986.

Bromelain

Cohen A, Goldman J. "Bromelain therapy in rheumatoid arthritis." Penn Med J. 1964; 67:27-30.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Covington MB. "Omega-3 fatty acids." Am Fam Physician. July1,2004;70(1):133-140.

Adam O, et al. "Anti-inflammatory effects of a low arachidonic acid diet and fish oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Rheumatol Int. 2003;23:27-36.

Cleland LG, et al. "The role of fish oils in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Drugs. 2003;63(9):845-853.

Adam O. "Dietary fatty acids and immune reactions in synovial tissue." Eur J Med Res. August20,2003;8:381-387.

Darlington LG, Stone TW. "Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders." Br J Nutr. 2001;85:251-269.

Calder PC. "Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and immunity." Lipids. September,2001;36:1007-1024.

Kremer JM. "n-3 fatty acid supplements in rheumatoid arthritis." Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(Suppl):349S-351S.

Forst P, Kuhn KS. "Fish oil emulsions: what benefits can they bring?" Clin Nutr. 2000;19(1):7-14.

Simopoulos AP. "Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease." Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(Suppl.):560S-569S.

Horrocks LA, Yeo YK. "Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)." Pharmacol Res. 1999;40(3):211-225.

Ariza-Ariza R, et al. "Omega-3 fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis: an overview." Seminars Arthr Rheum. June,1998;27(6):366-370.

de Deckere EAM, et al. "Health aspects of fish and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant and marine origin." Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998;52:749-753.

Geusens PP. "n-3 fatty acids in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Medicinal Fatty Acids Inflammation. 1998:111-123.

James MJ, Cleland LG. "Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and therapy for rheumatoid arthritis." Sem Arth Rheum. 1997;27(2):85-97.

Volker D, Garg M. "Dietary N-3 fatty acid supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis - mechanisms, clinical outcomes, controversies, and future directions." J Clin Biochem Nut. 1996;20:83-97.

Shapiro JA, et al. "Diet and rheumatoid arthritis in women: a possible protective effect of fish consumption." Epidemiol. 1996;7:256-263.

Kremer JM, et al. "Effects of high-dose fish oil on rheumatoid arthritis after stopping nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs." Arth and Rheum. August,1995;38(8):1107-1114.

Omega-6 Fatty Acids

James MJ, et al. "Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production." Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(Suppl):343S-348S.

Fan YY, Chapkin RS. "Importance of dietary gamma-linolenic acid in human health and nutrition." J Nutr. 1998;128:1411-1414.

Zurier RB, et al. "Gamma-linolenic acid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial." Arth Rheum. November,1996;39(11):1808-1817.

Rothman D, et al. "Botanical lipids: effects on inflammation, immune responses, and rheumatoid arthritis." Sem Arth Rheum. October,1995;25(2):87-96.

Leventhal LJ, et al. "Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gamma-linolenic acid." Ann Int Med. November1,1993;119(9):867-873.

Hydrochloric Acid

Peltonen R, et al. "Faecal Microbial flora and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis during a vegan diet." Br J Rheumatol. 1997; 36:64-8.

Glucosamine Sulphate

Vaz AL. "Double blind clinical evaluation of the relative efficacy of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulphate in the management of osteoarthrosis of the knee in out-patients." Curr Med Res Opin. 1982;8:145-9.

D'Ambrosio E, et al. "Glucosamine sulphate: a controlled clinical investigation in arthrosis. Pharmatherapeutica. 1981;2:504-8.

Curcuma

Funk JL, et al. "Efficacy and mechanism of action of turmeric supplements in the treatment of experimental arthritis." Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(11):3452-64.

Harpagophytum

Baghdikian L, et al. "An analytical study, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Harpagophytum procumbens and Harpagophytum zeyheri." Planta Medica. 1997;63:171-176.

Yucca

Bingham R, et al. "Yucca plant saponin in the management of arthritis." J Appl Nutr. 1975;27:45-50.

Juniperus

Beckstrom-Sternberg SM, Duke D. The Phytochemical Database. (ACEDB version 4.3 -data version July 1994).

Angelica Sinensis

Hikino, H. Recent Research on Oriental Medicinal Plants. Economic and Medicinal Plant Research. 1985, Volume 1, London Academic press.

Arctium

Mabey R, Ed. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Co, NY, NT;1988:41.

Cimicifuga

Mabey R, Ed. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Co, NY, NT;1988:100.

Medicago

Ellingwood F. American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy. Eclectic Medical Publications; Sandy, OR;1993:436-7.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.

Jonas WB, et al. "Homeopathy and rheumatic disease." Rheumatic Dis Clin North Am. February,2000;26(1):117-123.

Exercise

de Jong Z, et al. "Is a long-term high-intensity exercise program effective and safe in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Results of a randomized controlled trial." Arth Rheum. September,2003;48(9):2415-2424.

"Exercise benefits musculoskeletal disease." Fam Prac News. June1,1997;32.

Smoking

Wilson K, Goldsmith CH. "Does smoking cause rheumatoid arthritis?" J Rheumatol. 1999;26(1):1-3.

Symmons DPM, et al, "Blood transfusion, smoking, and obesity as risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis." Arth Rheum. November,1997;40(11):1955-1961.

Magnets

Hinman MR, et al. "Effects of static magnets on chronic knee pain and physical function: a double-blind study." Altern Ther Health Med. July/August 2002;8(4):50-55.

Trock DH. "Electromagnetic fields and magnets: investigational treatment for musculoskeletal disorders." Rheumat Dis Clin North Am. February,2000;26(1):51-62.

Silica Dust and Pesricides

Cooper GS, et al. "Occupational exposures and autoimmune diseases." Int Immunopharmacol. 2002;2:303-313.

Copyright 1998 - 2008 by L. Vicky Crouse, ND and James S. Reiley, ND. All rights reserved (ISSN 1527-0661).